In Mesoamerica, maize has been the staple food of communities for generations. In the Maya Biosphere Reserve, it is an ally in the restoration of degraded areas, providing food security and helping to recover forests.
In the restoration area “La Pailita”, within the Cruce a La Colorada Management Unit in the Multiple Use Zone, Mr. Luciano Aldana is one of 43 beneficiaries of the Agroforestry Systems (SAF) project. Here, former pastures used for illegal cattle ranching — previously covered only with grass — have been transformed into productive land where milpas grow alongside trees.
Currently, the community, organized through the Asociación Forestal Integral Cruce a La Colorada (AFICC), is restoring 461 hectares, of which 109 are dedicated to productive restoration: plots with maize intercropped with trees such as mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and cedar (Cedrela odorata). This combination improves soil, restores forest cover, and encourages the return of birds and other wildlife.
Local knowledge of maize cultivation is essential. Techniques passed down through generations allow maize to thrive even in degraded lands, contributing to the food security of families. As Mr. Luciano Aldana explains:
“This is a great support for us because we benefit from the maize harvest while also planting trees. Before, I had to rent land to plant, and many times I didn’t even cover the costs. Now, with the help of organic fertilizers, the production is better.”
In this image — taken before the harvest — the milpa can be seen in full growth, reflecting how these lands, once overrun by grass, are now productive and part of the recovering forest. Photos by WCS Guatemala.
In local cuisine, maize forms the basis of most daily dishes: handmade tortillas, tamales, atoles, and traditional breads, as well as regional recipes that combine ingredients from the forest and the milpas.
Every August 13, Guatemala celebrates National Maize Day, recognized as a Natural and Cultural Heritage. This day highlights the importance of maize in the country’s culture, history, and diet, as well as promoting its protection and conservation.
All of this work results from the collaborative efforts of organized communities, the Asociación Forestal Integral Cruce a La Colorada (AFICC), the Asociación de Comunidades Forestales de Petén (ACOFOP), the National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP), the Guatemala program of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and the Biodiverse Landscapes Fund (BLF), following processes of prior, free, and informed consultation to ensure community consensus and participation.
Text by Luis Orellana / WCS Guatemala