by WCS Mesoamerica & the Caribbean
A recent study has revealed a worrying increase over the past decade in the illegal trade of jaguars (Panthera onca) and other wild cats on digital platforms in Mexico. This activity not only threatens the conservation of these species but also facilitates connections between Mexican wildlife traffickers and international smuggling networks.
The study documented the online sale of nine wild cat species, both in parts (claws, fangs, and skins) and as live animals. Five of these species inhabit Mexico: jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), margay (Leopardus wiedii), and bobcat (Lynx rufus). The research also identified the trade of exotic species such as lions (Panthera leo), tigers (Panthera tigris), leopards (Panthera pardus), and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).
Photo. Platforms such as social media, search engines, and e-commerce sites are the most commonly used for illegal wildlife trade.
The analysis revealed that the primary platforms facilitating this trade include social media networks like Facebook, search engines like Google, and various e-commerce websites. The ease of posting content and the ability to operate with a degree of anonymity pose significant challenges for detection and enforcement efforts.
According to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), most of these species are listed under Appendix I, which strictly prohibits their trade. However, the growing demand for wild cat parts has fueled illegal hunting and online sales.
Jaguar and other wild cat parts are sold as amulets and jewelry (fangs and claws in necklaces and pendants), decoration and accessories (skins for belts and ceremonial outfits), trophies (skulls and skeletons), and even as exotic pets in private collections.
Investigations have revealed that this trade originates from various cities, including Mexico City, Felipe Carrillo Puerto (Quintana Roo), and Monterrey (Nuevo León). Digital platforms allow traffickers to connect with international buyers, making this trade a highly profitable and difficult-to-trace business.
To combat this crisis, online monitoring must be strengthened, and penalties for wildlife trafficking must be increased. Collaboration across different sectors is essential:
Environmental authorities, such as PROFEPA, must enhance enforcement and prosecution of illegal wild cat trade.
Digital platforms must improve their detection systems and remove illegal listings.
Media outlets can help raise awareness and encourage public reporting.
Civil society can report suspicious posts and promote conservation efforts for these species.
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This study was conducted by J. Antonio de la Torre (Bioconciencia A.C., Mexico), Kurt Duchez, and Jeremy Radachowsky (Wildlife Conservation Society). The research was published in Animal Conservation on February 19, 2025, with the support of Wildlife Conservation Society.