[Above photo: In partnership with local governments across Central Africa, WCS set up an early warning system for Ebola, working with traditional hunters, forest communities, and rangers to raise awareness and promote best practices in zoonotic risk reduction, and to monitor wildlife health through sampling and a carcass monitoring network. Photo credit: A. Ondzie ©️WCS.]

BRONX, NY, April 27, 2026—A new paper published in The Lancet calls on governments to prioritize preventing zoonotic disease spillover—the transmission of pathogens from animals to humans—as a central pillar of global pandemic preparedness.

The authors argue that while global efforts since COVID-19 have focused heavily on surveillance, vaccines, and emergency response, far less attention—and funding—has been directed toward stopping outbreaks before they begin.

“This paper makes clear that pandemic prevention must start long before the first human case is detected,” said Chris Walzer, Executive Director of Health at WCS. “We have the scientific understanding to reduce spillover risk—by protecting ecosystems, regulating wildlife trade, and improving how livestock and people interact with nature. The challenge now is political will and sustained investment.”

The paper in Lancet looks ahead to the 2026 United Nations High-Level Meeting on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, to be held at UN Headquarters in New York during the UN General Assembly High-Level Week in September 2026, when heads of state and government convene to shape global health priorities.

Spillover events, which give rise to diseases such as COVID-19, Ebola, and avian influenza, are driven by a combination of environmental degradation, wildlife trade, agricultural expansion, and close contact between people, livestock, and wildlife. The paper emphasizes that reducing these risks at their source is both more effective and more cost-efficient than responding after a pathogen has already spread.

In tropical forest regions such as the Amazon Basin—where deforestation, road expansion, and agricultural encroachment are increasing contact between people and wildlife—these dynamics are already playing out, heightening the risk of disease emergence in landscapes where WCS works closely with governments and communities to protect ecosystems and reduce human-wildlife conflict.

The authors call for governments to elevate spillover prevention in international policy frameworks, including by integrating it into national health strategies, strengthening cross-sector collaboration, and investing in measures that reduce high-risk human-animal interactions.

The paper highlights the importance of a One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnected health of people, animals, and ecosystems. It calls for coordinated action across sectors—including public health, conservation, agriculture, and finance—to address the underlying drivers of disease emergence.

For the Wildlife Conservation Society, which works at the intersection of wildlife health, ecosystem integrity, and human well-being in more than 50 countries, the findings reinforce the need to address pandemic risk at its ecological roots.

“Too often, pandemic preparedness is framed as a response problem,” Walzer added. “But if we fail to invest in prevention—reducing deforestation, managing wildlife trade, and supporting communities at the human-wildlife interface—we will continue to face the same cycle of crisis and response.”

The paper also identifies the 2026 UN High-Level Meeting—set to take place at UN Headquarters in New York during the September General Assembly High-Level Week—as a pivotal moment for governments to adopt concrete, measurable commitments on spillover prevention, alongside financing mechanisms, stronger governance, and accountability frameworks.

Experts say that without a meaningful shift toward prevention, the world will remain vulnerable to future pandemics that could rival or exceed the impacts of COVID-19.

###