Cranes are a vital bird species that contribute significantly to the health of wetland and grassland ecosystems. They serve as indicators of ecological health and are among the most endangered bird families worldwide, with ten of the fifteen species threatened with extinction. Despite facing threats from rapid development, habitat loss, poisoning, and hunting, cranes continue to captivate people globally with their symbolism of fidelity and longevity.
Mongolia hosts eight native crane species and is a crucial habitat for these birds due to its vast territories and valuable wetlands. These wetlands support not only cranes but also other rare breeding birds. Mongolia's location along three major migratory flyways—East Asia-Australian, Central Asian, and East Africa-West Asia—further underscores its importance for avian biodiversity. The country has recorded a total of 520 bird species, including the following crane species:
- Black-necked crane (near threatened)
- Demoiselle crane (least concern)
- Hooded crane (vulnerable)
- Red-crowned crane (vulnerable)
- Sandhill crane (least concern)
- Siberian crane (critically endangered)
- White-naped crane (vulnerable)
- Eurasian crane (least concern)